Having health insurance, a primary care doctor, and access to affordable healthcare significantly affects health outcomes. Quality healthcare services should be equitable and accessible to all individuals.

This includes the physical environment surrounding individuals, such as safe housing, availability of nutritious food, local air and water quality, and access to recreational spaces. Neighborhood conditions can influence engagement in physical activity, diet, and overall lifestyle choices.

This includes social integration, support systems, community engagement, and discrimination. Experiencing social cohesion, safety, and absence of violence in the community can affect mental and physical health outcomes.

This determinant includes employment, income, expenses, debt, medical bills, and support. Economic stability significantly impacts access to nutritious food, living conditions, and healthcare services, influencing overall health outcomes.

Education level affects people’s ability to obtain and maintain good jobs with health benefits. It also impacts literacy, including health literacy (the capacity to understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions).